Theory of Computation

Lectures.- The Complexity of Computations.- Time and Space Complexity Classes and Savitch's Theorem.- Separation Results.- The Immerman-Szelepcsényi Theorem.- Logspace Computability.- The Circuit Value Problem.- The Knaster-Tarski Theorem.- Alternation.- Problems Complete for PSPACE.- The Polynomial-Time Hierarchy.- More on the Polynomial-Time Hierarchy.- Parallel Complexity.- Relation of NC to Time-Space Classes.- Probabilistic Complexity.- BPP 2P ? ?2P.- Chinese Remaindering.- Complexity of Primality Testing.- Berlekamp's Algorithm.- Interactive Proofs.- PSPACE IP.- IP PSPACE.- Probabilistically Checkable Proofs.- NP PCP(n3, 1).- More on PCP.- A Crash Course in Logic.- Complexity of Decidable Theories.- Complexity of the Theory of Real Addition.- Lower Bound for the Theory of Real Addition.- Lower Bound for Integer Addition.- Automata on Infinite Strings and S1S.- Determinization of ?-Automata.- Safra's Construction.- Relativized Complexity.- Nonexistence of Sparse Complete Sets.- Unique Satisfiability.- Toda's Theorem.- Circuit Lower Bounds and Relativized PSPACE = PH.- Lower Bounds for Constant Depth Circuits.- The Switching Lemma.- Tail Bounds.- The Gap Theorem and Other Pathology.- Partial Recursive Functions and Gödel Numberings.- Applications of the Recursion Theorem.- Abstract Complexity.- The Arithmetic Hierarchy.- Complete Problems in the Arithmetic Hierarchy.- Post's Problem.- The Friedberg-Muchnik Theorem.- The Analytic Hierarchy.- Kleene's Theorem.- Fair Termination and Harel's Theorem.- Exercises.- Homework 1.- Homework 2.- Homework 3.- Homework 4.- Homework 5.- Homework 6.- Homework 7.- Homework 8.- Homework 9.- Homework 10.- Homework 11.- Homework 12.- Miscellaneous Exercises.- Hints and Solutions.- Homework 1 Solutions.- Homework 2 Solutions.- Homework 3 Solutions.- Homework 4 Solutions.- Homework 5 Solutions.- Homework 6 Solutions.- Homework 7 Solutions.- Homework 8 Solutions.- Homework 9 Solutions.- Homework 10 Solutions.- Homework 11 Solutions.- Homework 12 Solutions.- Hints for Selected Miscellaneous Exercises.- Solutions to Selected Miscellaneous Exercises.